Detección de Staphylococcus aureus en teléfonos móviles de estudiantes de último año de odontología / Detection of Staphylococcus aureus in mobile phones of final year dental students

Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio fue detectar la incidencia de Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) en pantallas de teléfonos móviles de estudiantes de último año de odontología mediante técnicas microbiológicas. Métodos: Estudio observacional de tipo transversal descriptivo. Se tomaron 92 muestras de pantallas de teléfonos móviles, se realizó la identificación de S. aureus mediante pruebas microbiológicas: fermentación del manitol, reacciones positivas a las pruebas de desoxirribonucleasa, catalasa y coagulasa. Resultados: Se aisló 16 cepas de S. aureus 16/92 (17,4%) en pantallas de teléfonos móviles. El 100% de las cepas aisladas dieron reacciones positivas a las pruebas de desoxirribonucleasa, catalasa y coagulasa. Conclusiones: Se evidencia la presencia de S. aureus en pantallas de celulares de los teléfonos móviles de los estudiantes de último año lo que representa un riesgo para la diseminación de este patógeno.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to detect the incidence of S. aureus on mobile phone screens of last-year dental students using microbiological techniques. Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional observational study. 92 samples were taken from mobile phone screens, S. aureus was identified by microbiological tests: mannitol fermentation, positive reactions to deoxyribonuclease, catalase and coagulase tests. Results: 16 strains of S. aureus 16/92 (17.4%) were isolated on mobile phone screens. 100% of the strains emerged positive reactions to deoxyribonuclease, catalase and coagulase tests. Conclusions: The presence of S. aureus is evidenced in cell phone screens of senior students' mobile phones, which represents a risk for the spread of this pathogen.

Detección de genes que codifican hemolisinas en cepas de Staphylococcus aureus aisladas en pantallas de teléfonos móviles de estudiantes de último año de odontología en Cuenca-Ecuador, 2020-2021 / Detection of hemolysin-encoding genes in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from cell phone screens of senior dental students in Cuenca-Ecuador, 2020-2021

Staphylococcus aureus es la especie más común implicada en las enfermedades infecciosas que causan morbilidad y mortalidad a nivel mundial. Posee los genes hla, hlb, hld, hlg, hlg-v que codifican para hemolisinas. Las hemolisinas son reconocidas como un factor de virulencia potencial que ataca a la membrana y produce destrucción de las plaquetas y necrosis. Tienen la capacidad de sobrevivir por largos periodos en superficies inertes como en pantallas de teléfonos móviles. Estudio observacional de tipo transversal descriptivo. Se aislaron en un estudio previo 16 cepas de Staphylococcus aureus a partir de 92 muestras de pantallas de teléfonos móviles de estudiantes de odontología. Se utilizó la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa para detectar los genes que codifican para hemolisinas. El gen hla se detectó en 75% (12/16) de cepas de Staphylococcus aureus, hlb en 25% (4/16), hld 75% (12/16), hlg 75% (12/16), hlg-v 13% (2/16). Este estudio evidencia el alto porcentaje de cepas virulentas que poseen genes que codifican para hemolisinas en pantallas de teléfonos móviles, lo que puede contribuir a la diseminación de este patógeno. Es imperioso implementar medidas para la desinfección de teléfonos móviles (AU)

Staphylococcus aureus is the most common species implicated in infectious diseases causing morbidity and mortality worldwide. It has the hla, hlb, hld, hlg, hlg-v genes encoding for hemolysins. Hemolysins are recognized as a potential virulence factor that attacks the membrane and causes platelet destruction and necrosis. They have the ability to survive for long periods on inert surfaces such as cell phone screens. Observational descriptive cross-sectional study. Sixteen strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated in a previous study from 92 samples of cell phone screens of dental students; the polymerase chain reaction technique was used to detect genes coding for hemolysins. The hla gene was detected in 75% (12/16) of Staphylococcus aureus strains, hlb in 25% (4/16), hld 75% (12/16), hlg 75% (12/16), hlg-v 13 % (2/16). This study evidences the high percentage of virulent strains that possess genes encoding for hemolysins in cell phone screens, which may contribute to the dissemination of this pathogen. It is imperative to implement measures for the disinfection of cell phones (AU)

Análise cardiovascular e antropométrica de intervenção com apoio tecnológico em hipertensos: ensaio clínico randomizado / Cardiovascular and anthropometric analysis of intervention with technological support in hypertensives: a randomized clinical trial

O estudo comparou o efeito de intervenções com diferentes estímulos tecnológicos sobre variáveis cardiovasculares e antropométricas de hipertensos. 23 adultos hipertensos foram randomizados em três grupos: grupo intervenção padrão - sem acompanhamento; grupo ligação ­ com acompanhamento por ligação telefônica; grupo aplicativo ­ com acompanhamento por mensagem no grupo do whatsapp. As variáveis foram avaliadas Pré e Pós um período de 12 semanas. Não houve diferença significativa entre grupos com e sem acompanhamento profissional, e nas formas de acompanhamento com diferentes estímulos tecnológicos. Entretanto, houve uma redução significativa da pressão arterial sistólica (p = 0,040), frequência cardíaca (p = 0,010) e da circunferência abdominal (p = 0,039) de hipertensos do grupo intervenção padrão, assim como um efeito na mudança de comportamento. A intervenção influenciou a mudança de comportamento dos voluntários, que se tornaram mais ativos fisicamente e melhoraram hábitos alimentares, contudo não houve diferença nas respostas cardiovasculares e antropométricas entre os grupos

This study compared the effect of interventions with different technological stimuli on cardiovascular and anthropometric variables of hypertensives. 23 hypertensive adults were randomized into three groups: standard intervention group ­ with no follow-up; telephone group ­ with follow-up by phone calls; application group ­ with follow-up by WhatsApp messages. The variables were evaluated before and after a period of 12 weeks. There was no significant difference between the groups with and without professional follow-up, and the same applied to the types of follow-up with different technological stimuli. However, there was a significant reduction of systolic blood pressure (p = 0,040), heart rate (p = 0,010) and waist circumference (p = 0,039) of the hypertensives from the standard intervention group, as well as a behavior change effect. The intervention had influence on the volunteers' behavior change. They became more physically active and improved their eating habits. Yet, there was no difference in the cardiovascular and anthropometric responses among the groups.

Relationship between smartphone use and sedentary behavior: a school-based study with adolescents / Relacionamento entre smartphone e comportamento sedentário: estudo de base escolar com adolescentes

The aims of this study were a) to describe the smartphone use and sedentary behavior (SB) on typical weekdays and weekends, and b) to verify the association between smartphone use and SB among adolescents. This is a cross-sectional population school-based, which surveyed 984 students from Uberaba, Minas Gerais, in 2015. Gender-stratified analysis were performed using t-tests, Pearson's correlation (r) and multiple linear regression (ß). Girls used more smartphones than boys (weekdays: 6.58 hrs vs. 5.29 hrs, p < 0.001; weekend: 7.81 hrs vs. 6.18 hrs, p < 0.001). Both genders used more smartphones in the weekend (p < 0.001) than weekdays. SB was higher in girls than boys (weekdays: 5.34 hrs vs. 4.48 hrs, p < 0.001, weekend: 5.22 hrs vs. 4.38 hrs, p < 0.001). SB was higher for both genders at weekend (p < 0.001) than on weekdays. Correlation between SB and smartphone use ranged from weak to moderate in both genders (weekdays: boys, r = 0.30; girls, r = 0.17, p < 0.001; weekend: boys, r = 0.39; girls, r = 0.17, p < 0.001). Smartphone use was positively associated with SB during the weekdays (boys: ß = 0.25, girls: ß = 0.19, p < 0.001) and weekend (boys: ß = 0.31; girls: ß= 0.14, p < 0.001). Girls showed greater SB and smartphone use than boys, regardless if compared on weekdays or weekend. SB and smartphone were positively associated in both genders

Os objetivos deste estudo foram a) descrever o uso de smartphone e o comportamento sedentário (CS) em dias típicos de semana e final de semana (FDS) e, b) verificar a associação entre o uso de smartphone e o CS em adolescentes. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com 984 escolares de Uberaba, Minas Gerais, conduzido em 2015. Para análises estratificadas por sexo, utilizou-se testes-t, correlação de Pearson (r) e regressão linear múltipla (ß). Moças usavam mais o smartphone que os rapazes (semana: 6,58 vs. 5,29 horas, p < 0,001; FDS: 7,81 vs. 6,18 horas, p < 0,001). Ambos os sexos usaram mais smartphone no FDS (p < 0,001). O CS foi maior nas moças que nos rapazes (semana: 5,34 vs. 4,48 horas, p < 0,001; FDS: 5,22 vs. 4,38 horas, p < 0,001). O CS foi maior no FDS, em ambos os sexos (p < 0,001). A correlação entre CS e smartphone foi de fraca a moderada em ambos os sexos (semana: rapazes, r = 0,30; moças, r = 0,17, p < 0,001; e FDS: rapazes, r = 0,39; moças, r = 0,17, p < 0,001). Uso de smartphone foi positivamente associado com CS durante a semana (rapazes: ß = 0,25; moças: ß = 0,19, p < 0,001) e FDS (rapazes: ß = 0,31; moças: ß = 0,14, p < 0,001). Moças apresentaram maior CS e uso de smartphone do que rapazes, independentemente se comparados na semana ou FDS. CS e uso de smartphones foram positivamente associados em ambos os sexos

Uso do telefone para adesão de pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS à terapia antirretroviral: revisão sistemática / Use of the telephone for accessing people living with HIV/AIDS to antiretroviral therapy: systematic review

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a eficácia do uso do telefone para adesão de pessoas com HIV/AIDS à terapia antirretroviral. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática, nas bases de dados: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs/Bireme), Scopus, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline/PubMed), Web of Science; e nas bibliotecas Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO) e Cochrane, com uso dos seguintes descritores: "HIV", "Cell Phones", "Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome" e "Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active". Obteve-se uma amostra de 17 artigos. As intervenções com uso de telefones celulares propostas foram: uso de aplicativos de celulares, Serviço de Mensagem Curta e chamadas telefônicas. Na maioria dos estudos, o uso do telefone trouxe impacto significativo sobre a adesão ao tratamento. A avaliação dos estudos apontou boa qualidade metodológica e sigilo de alocação adequado. Acerca dos métodos de mensuração da adesão destacou-se a autorrelatada. A utilização de telefone celular foi eficaz para a melhoria da adesão à terapia antirretroviral de pessoas vivendo com HIV.

Abstract This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of telephone use for the adherence of people with HIV/AIDS to antiretroviral therapy. A systematic review was carried out in the following databases: Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (Lilacs/ Bireme), SCOPUS, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed), Web of Science; and in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and Cochrane libraries, using the following descriptors: "HIV", "Cell Phones", "Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome" and "Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active". We gathered a sample of 17 papers. The proposed cellphone interventions were the use of cellular applications, Short Message Service, and telephone calls. In most studies, telephone use has had a significant impact on adherence to treatment. The evaluation of the studies showed good methodological quality and adequate allocation secrecy. Self-reported adherence emerged among the adherence measuring methods. Cellphone use was effective in improving adherence to antiretroviral therapy for people living with HIV.

O tempo e maneira de utilização do celular podem predispor à lesões musculoesqueléticas: estudo caso-controle / Time and characteristics of cell phone usage may predispose musculoskeletal injuries: case-control study

Objetivo:avaliar e comparar o tempo de utilização, postura e o manuseio do celular entre voluntários com e sem dor na região dos membros superiores ou da coluna cervical. Métodos:Este estudo possui um delineamento observacional transversal. Foram avaliados o tempo e finalidade, a maneira e postura de utilização do celular utilizando questionários com questões abertas de 24 participantes com dor na região da coluna cervical ou membro superior e 24 do grupo controle, que não apresen-tavam dor, com gênero e idade pareados entre os grupos. As comparações entre grupos foram realizadas por meio do Teste T de student para as variáveis contínuas e para as categóricas o Qui quadrado. Resultados: o grupo com dor apresentou maior utilização do celular sem apoio, tempo para digitar, internet e chamada do que o grupo controle (p<0,05). Não houve diferen-ça entre os grupos para a utilização da agenda, ouvir músicas e jogar no celular e tipo de manuseio (p>0,05). Conclusão:O tempo de utilização do celular para digitar, usar a internet e chamadas, a maneira de digitar e a postura sem apoio foram maiores em voluntários com dor, sugerindo que esses fatores podem influenciar no desenvolvimento de dor musculoesque-léticas na região de cervical e de membros superiores. (AU)

Objective: To evaluate and compare the time of cell phone use among volunteers with and without pain in the upper limbs and cervical spine area. Methods:This is an observational cross-sectional study. Questionnaires about cell phone usage were applied in 24 participants reporting pain in the cervical spine or upper limb and 24 participants without pain, aged 20 to 32 years old. The exclusion criteria were history of previous surgery, trauma and orthopedic injury or usage of upper limbs immobilization over the past six months. The comparisons between groups were performed using the t student test for continuous data, and Chi-square test for categorical data. Results: The pain group showed greater use of cell phone in a sitting position and without any support, while the control group used it in a sitting position with support (p< 0.05). Cell phone usage time for typing messages, browsing the web and making phone calls were greater in the pain group than in the control group (p< 0.05). There was no difference between the groups for using the calendar, listening to music and playing games on mobile (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The time using the cell phone to type, use the internet and make calls, as well as the posture adopted and the usual handling of these devices are different between groups, suggesting that these factors may influence the musculoskeletal pain in the cervical region and upper limbs development.(AU)

Phubbing en las Relaciones Románticas: Uso del Celular, Satisfacción en la Pareja, Bienestar Psicológico y Salud Mental / Phubbing in Romantic Relationships: Cell Phone Use, Couple Satisfaction, Psychological Well-Being and Mental Health

El propósito del estudio fue examinar si el uso frecuente del celular (phubbing) impacta directamente la satisfacción en las relaciones románticas e indirectamente el bienestar psicológico y la salud mental de los puertorriqueños. El Estudio 1 analiza las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Phubbing en la Pareja y de la Escala de Conflictos Relacionados al Uso del Celular. Los análisis demostraron que las escalas son confiables y válidas. El Estudio 2 evaluó el objetivo principal del estudio con una muestra no probabilística de 392 puertorriqueñas seleccionados por disponibilidad. Los resultados confirmaron el rol mediador que tiene la satisfacción en la relación de pareja entre el phubbing, el bienestar psicológico y la salud mental. En general, los participantes que reportaron mayor phubbing, mostraban menor satisfacción en la relación de pareja, mayor sintomatología asociada a depresión, ansiedad y estrés, y menor bienestar psicológico. Nuestro estudio aporta evidencia sobre el efecto negativo que puede tener el uso desmedido del celular en las relaciones románticas, así como en la salud mental de los individuos.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate if frequent cell phone use (phubbing) has a direct impact in the couple's satisfaction, and an indirect effect on the psychological well-being and mental health of Puerto Rican. Study 1 examines the psychometric properties of the Partner Phubbing Scale and the Cell Phone Conflict Scale. The scales were found to be highly reliable and valid. Study 2 assessed the study's proposed relationships among a non-probabilistic sample of 392 Puerto Ricans, selected by availability. The results showed a significant mediation of couple's satisfaction in the relationship between phubbing, psychological well-being and mental health. Overall, participants who rated more phubbing in their relationships also reported lower couple's satisfaction, more symptoms related to depression, anxiety and stress, and lower psychological well-being. Our study provides empirical evidence on the negative effect of excessive use of cell phones within romantic relationships, as well on people's mental health.

Aplicativos móveis para o manejo da doença falciforme: revisão integrativa / Aplicaciones móviles para el tratamiento de la drepanocitosis: una revisión integrativa / Mobile applications for sickle cell disease management: an integrative review

Resumo Objetivo Investigar, na literatura nacional e internacional, os aplicativos móveis existentes desenvolvidos para gerenciamento da doença falciforme. Métodos Estudo de revisão integrativa, conduzido nas bases de dados Medline/via PubMed, BVS, Current Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (Cinahl), Web of Science e Scopus, no período de setembro de 2016 a março de 2018. Os artigos selecionados foram analisados de acordo com a Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHQR). Resultados Integraram esta revisão 12 artigos, sendo dois da Web of Science e o restante da PubMed. Conclusão Esta revisão mostrou a incipiência de estudos que contemplam o desenvolvimento de aplicativos móveis no contexto da doença falciforme. No Brasil não foram identificados estudos que utilizem aplicativos móveis direcionados à população com doença falciforme, apesar da alta incidência desta condição crônica. Este estudo aponta para a necessidade de desenvolvimento de aplicativos móveis como importante recurso educativo que possa apoiar a prática de autocuidado das pessoas com doença falciforme.

Resumen Objetivo Estudio informativo sobre revisión de la literatura de artículos acerca de aplicaciones móviles disponibles para tratamiento de la anemia drepanocítica publicados en Brasil y el extranjero. Métodos Búsquedas realizadas en bases: Library of Medicine (Medline/vía PubMed), Current Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (Cinahl), Web of Science y Scopus para el período desde septiembre de 2006 hasta marzo de 2018. Niveles de evidencia de artículos seleccionados basados en categorías de la Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) para calificar la solidez de la evidencia. Resultados Doce artículos fueron incluidos en esta revisión, dos de ellos obtenidos por consulta en Web of Science y los diez restantes en Pubmed. Conclusión La revisión mostró la naturaleza emergente de la investigación sobre el desarrollo de aplicaciones móviles dirigidas a las personas con drepanocitosis. En el caso de Brasil, no se encontraron estudios sobre aplicaciones para la drepanocitosis, a pesar de la alta incidencia del trastorno en el país. Esta revisión señala la necesidad de desarrollar aplicaciones móviles como recursos educativos para apoyar las prácticas de autocuidado de las personas con drepanocitosis.

Abstract Objective This paper reports on a literature review of articles on mobile applications available for the management of sickle cell disease published in Brazil and abroad. Methods Searches were carried out in the Library of Medicine (Medline/via PubMed), Current Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (Cinahl), Web of Science and Scopus databases covering a period spanning September/2016 to March/2018. Levels of evidence of the selected articles were based on the categories of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) for grading strength of evidence. Results A total of twelve articles were included in this review, two of them yielded by a query in Web of Science and the remaining ten in Pubmed. Conclusion The review showed the emergent nature of research on the development of mobile applications aimed at people with sickle cell disease. In the case of Brazil, no studies targeting sickle cell disease applications were found, despite the high incidence of this disorder in the country. This review points to the need for mobile applications to be developed as educational resources in supporting the self-care practices of people with sickle cell disease.

Evaluation of nickel and cobalt release from mobile phone devices used in Brazil

Abstract: Nickel and cobalt are often responsible for metal-induced allergic contact dermatitis. With the increasing use of cell phones, we observed an increase in cases reports on telephone-related allergic contact dermatitis. The present study evaluated nickel and cobalt release from mobile phones used in Brazil. We evaluated devices of 6 brands and 20 different models using nickel and cobalt allergy spot tests. Of the 20 models, 64.7% tested positive for nickel, with 41.1% positive results for the charger input and 23.5% for other tested areas. None of them was positive for cobalt. Nickel release was more common in older models.

Use of the Whatsapp application in health follow-up of people with HIV: a thematic analysis / Uso de aplicación Whatsapp para seguimiento de salud de personas con VIH: un análisis temático / Uso do aplicativo Whatsapp no acompanhamento em saúde de pessoas com HIV: uma análise temática

Abstract Objective: To investigate the statements of people living with HIV during a health follow-up through the WhatsApp® application. Methods: A descriptive study, using a qualitative approach, was conducted with 26 people accompanied by two specialized care services for HIV/AIDS in Fortaleza, Ceará. Data were collected from September 2016 to February 2017, with participants' statements given during the online follow-up and submitted to thematic content analysis. Results: The following categories emerged: difficulties with treatment, antiretroviral dose delayed or missed, side effects, association between antiretroviral drugs and alcohol, use of dietary supplements and medicines, emotional changes, life habits, social rights, physical symptoms, and coping with and committing to with treatment. Conclusion: Follow-up over WhatsApp® improved access to health professionals, by providing an open and immediate communication channel.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar testimonios de personas con VIH durante un seguimiento en salud utilizando la aplicación WhatsApp®. Métodos: Investigación descriptiva, de abordaje cualitativo, realizada con 26 personas con VIH atendidas en dos servicios de atención especializada en VIH/SIDA de Fortaleza, Ceará. Datos recolectados durante el período entre setiembre de 2016 y febrero de 2017, a través de testimonios de participantes durante el seguimiento online, estudiados mediante análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: Surgieron las siguientes categorías: dificultades con el tratamiento farmacológico; retraso o pérdida de la dosis del antirretroviral; efectos colaterales; asociación entre antirretroviral y bebidas alcohólicas; uso de suplementos alimentarios y medicamentos; alteraciones emocionales; hábitos de vida; derechos sociales; síntomas físicos; enfrentamiento y adhesión al tratamiento. Conclusión: El seguimiento en salud a partir del WhatsApp® facilitó la accesibilidad del paciente al profesional de salud, ofreciendo una vía de comunicación abierta e inmediata.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar depoimentos de pessoas com HIV durante um acompanhamento em saúde, a partir do aplicativo WhatsApp®. Métodos: Pesquisa descritiva, abordagem qualitativa realizada com 26 pessoas com HIV acompanhadas em dois serviços de atenção especializada em HIV/Aids de Fortaleza, Ceará. Os dados foram coletados no período de setembro de 2016 a fevereiro de 2017, por meio de depoimentos de participantes durante o acompanhamento online, analisados a partir da análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: Emergiram as seguintes categorias: dificuldades com o tratamento medicamentoso; atraso ou perda da dose do antirretroviral; efeitos colaterais; associação entre antirretroviral e bebida alcoólica; uso de suplementos alimentares e medicamentos; alterações emocionais; hábitos de vida; direitos sociais; sintomas físicos; enfrentamento e engajamento com o tratamento. Conclusão: O acompanhamento em saúde a partir do WhatsApp® promoveu a acessibilidade do paciente ao profissional de saúde, fornecendo uma via de comunicação aberta e imediata.

Cell phone usage by health personnel: preventive strategies to decrease risk of cross infection in clinical context / Uso do telefone celular por pessoal de saúde: estratégias preventivas para reduzir o risco de infecção cruzada no contexto clínico

ABSTRACT Objective: with the intent of describing the characteristics of cell phone use by Health Personnel and identify strategies to prevent these equipments from acting as vectors of transmission for multiresistant microorganisms. Method: to achieve this aim an integrative review of the literature was carried out following the PICOD Method. An appropriate research strategy was developed at each base/repository EBSCO platform, MEDLINE and CINAHL databases and search engines PubMed, B-on and Google Scholar to identify relevant studies. It was elaborated a formal protocol, including studies published from 2006 to 2016. The titles/abstracts were analyzed, excluding articles that do not meet the criteria defined in the protocol. Data extraction was performed from the remaining included articles. Results: 13 studies met the defined criteria for this review. After a comprehensive analysis, it can be concluded that healthcare personnel'cell phones constitute a reservoir of pathogenic microorganisms that may affect patient safety. Conclusion: user hand hygiene, cell phone disinfection and education of health personnel are the main preventive strategies. Technological innovation can be a strong ally for health personnel and organizations by creating new equipment such as antibacterial covers and films or ultraviolet light for sanitary purposes. This review opens the door for further research to be undertaken in this area.

Uso del teléfono celular para mejorar las sub-habilidades de la expresión oral en estudiantes de Odontología / Use of the cell phone to improve the sub-skills of oral expression in students of Dentistry

La investigación tuvo como objetivo contribuir a desarrollar apropiadamente las dos sub-ha-bilidades de la expresión oral del idioma inglés como lengua extranjera. La población estuvo compuesta por 30 estudiantes del primer nivel de la escuela de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo en el período académico abril-agosto 2016. El estudio fue cuasi-ex-perimental y la propuesta didáctica se desarrolló como un complemento a las actividades en clase consideradas en el sílabo de la asignatura de inglés. La estrategia se aplicó en 20 sesio-nes clases tanto dentro como fuera del aula durante tres meses. Se aplicó un test antes y después de la ejecución de la estrategia metodológica. De igual manera se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta por medio de dos cuestionarios, uno dirigido a los estudiantes y otro a los docentes para conocer el grado de satisfacción después del trabajar con la propuesta desarro-llada. Los resultados demostraron que los estudiantes se mostraron más seguros trabajando autónomamente a su propio ritmo a través de escuchar audios en inglés y posteriormente grabar sus conversaciones hasta que consideren que su pronunciación y entonación es la más adecuada en relación al audio original con el que trabajaron. Se evidenció progreso en el 31,46% de los participantes, comparando los resultados de los test aplicados. Finalmente, se puede decir que la estrategia propuesta es innovadora, útil y fácil de usar por los docentes en sus clases.

This research aimed to contribute to develop appropriately the two sub-skills of the oral expression of the English language as a foreign language. The population was composed by 30 students of the first level of the School of Dentistry of Universidad Nacional de Chimbo-razo in the academic period April-August 2016. The study was quasi-experimental and the didactic proposal was developed as a complement to the activities in class considered in the syllabus of the English subject. The strategy was applied in 20 lessons both inside and outside the classroom for three months. A test was applied before and after the execution of the methodological strategy. In the same way, the survey technique was used by means of two questionnaires, one directed to the students and the other to the teachers to know the degree of satisfaction after working with the proposal developed. The results showed that the students were more confident working autonomously at their own pace through listening to audios in English and then recording their conversations until they consider that their pronun-ciation and intonation are the most appropriate in relation to the original audio they worked with. Progress was evidenced in 31.46% of the participants, comparing the results of the applied tests. Finally, it can be said that the proposed strategy is innovative, useful and easy to use by teachers in their classes.

Nuevas tecnologías en el tratamiento del tabaquismo / New technologies in tobacco treatment

Resumen La mHealth, se refiere al uso de dispositivos móviles como una herramienta de telemedicina, ideal para la promoción, prevención y control de enfermedades. En Chile, un 84,1% de la población tiene acceso a internet y un 80% de los accesos son a través de dispositivos móviles, esto convierte a internet y la telefonía móvil en herramientas particularmente atractivas para intervenciones en salud. Los estudios que implican intervenciones a través de mensajes de texto para el apoyo a la cesación tabáquica no son directamente extrapolables a nuestro país ya que la mayoría provienen de países desarrollados y de habla inglesa, motivo por el cual es necesario desarrollar y evaluar intervenciones adecuadas para nuestra población.

mHealth, refers to the use of mobile devices as a telemedicine tool, ideal for promotion, prevention and control of diseases. In Chile, 84.1% of the population has access to the Internet and 80% of accesses are through of mobile devices, this makes the internet and mobile telephony particularly attractive tools for health interventions. Studies involving interventions through text messages to support smoking cessation are not directly extrapolated to our country since most of them come from developed and English-speaking countries, which is why it is necessary to develop and evaluate appropriate interventions for our population.

Uso de dispositivos móviles en fisioterapia / Use of mobile devices in physiotherapy

El objetivo de la presente revisión fue identificar el uso actual de aplicaciones móviles en fisioterapia. Se realizó una revisión integradora de literatura desarrollada en cuatro bases de datos, sin restricción de idioma, en una ventana de observación del año 2010 a junio de 2016, donde se encontraron un total de 46 artículos que abordan el tema de las aplicaciones móviles en fisioterapia, de los cuales -según el propósito de los artículos- 8 eran de tipo conceptual descriptivo, 1 de análisis financiero, 14 de valoración, 3 de monitoreo y 20 de intervención. En cuanto al uso de las aplicaciones en los artículos se identificaron 6 sobre hábitos saludables, 3 informativos, 15 de valoración, 4 de tratamiento y 13 sobre aplicaciones específicas. También se encontraron 4 artículos de revisión. Se concluye que existen diversos usos de las aplicaciones móviles para la fisioterapia. En conjunto, estas pueden aumentar el acceso al servicio de salud, facilitar la promoción de la salud y detectar de forma precoz deficiencias específicas; apoyar el examen y evaluar diferentes aspectos, especialmente de rangos de movilidad, así como la evaluación de la marcha y del equilibrio, lo que puede facilitar la acción terapéutica y optimizar el ejercicio clínico del fisioterapeuta(AU)

The purpose of this review was to identify the current use of mobile applications in physiotherapy. A comprehensive bibliographic review was conducted in four databases, with no language restrictions, in an observation period extending from the year 2010 to June 2016. A total 46 papers were found which dealt with the use of mobile applications in physiotherapy. Based on their purpose, 8 papers were classified as conceptual-descriptive, 1 was a financial analysis, 14 were assessments, 3 had to do with monitoring, and 20 were about interventions. From the point of view of the use of applications, 6 papers were about healthy habits, 3 were informative, 15 were assessments, 4 were about treatment, and 13 dealt with specific applications. Four review papers were also found. It is concluded that there are various uses for mobile applications in physiotherapy. All in all, applications may serve to broaden access to health services, facilitate health promotion, detect specific deficiencies at an early stage, support examination, evaluate certain variables, such as mobility ranges, and evaluate gait and balance, all of which may facilitate therapeutic actions and optimize physical therapist practice(AU)

Effect of the inclusion of mobile phone interviews to Vigitel / Efeito da inclusão de entrevistas por telefone celular ao Vigitel

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact on the prevalence changes of risk factors for chronic diseases, published in the Surveillance System of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (Vigitel), after the inclusion of data from the population only with mobile phone. METHODS Our study used data from the 26 State capitals and Federal District of Brazil obtained by the National Survey on Health (PNS) and Vigitel, both held in 2013. In each capital, we added a subsample of 200 adults living in households with only mobile phones, extracted from PNS, to the Vigitel 2013 database, with approximately 1,900 households, named Vigitel dual frame. RESULTS Vigitel results showed absolute relative biases between 0.18% and 14.85%. The system underestimated the frequency of adult smokers (10.77%), whole milk consumption (52.82%), and soft drink consumption (22.22%). Additionally, it overestimated the prevalence of hypertension (25.46%). In the simulations using Vigitel dual frame, with inclusion of the sample of adults living in households with only mobile phones, the bias of estimates was reduced in five out of eight analyzed indicators, with greater effects in regions with lower rates of landline coverage. In comparing regions, we observed negative correlation (ρ = −0.91) between the percentage of indicators with presence of bias and the percentage of households with only mobile phone. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate the benefits of including a subsample of 200 adults with only mobile phone on the Vigitel sample, especially in the capitals of the North and Northeast regions.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar o impacto nas mudanças das prevalências de fatores de risco de doenças crônicas, divulgadas no Vigitel, após a inclusão de dados provenientes da população com somente telefone celular. MÉTODOS O estudo utilizou os dados das capitais obtidos da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde e do Vigitel, que foram realizados em 2013. Em cada capital, acrescentou-se uma subamostra de 200 adultos residentes em domicílios com somente celular, extraída da PNS, à base de dados do Vigitel 2013, com aproximadamente 1.900 domicílios, denominado Vigitel cadastro duplo. RESULTADOS Os resultados do Vigitel mostraram vícios relativos absolutos entre 0,18% e 14,85%. O sistema subestimou a frequência de adultos fumantes (10,77%), o consumo de leite com teor integral de gordura (52,82%) e o consumo de refrigerante (22,22%). Adicionalmente, superestimou a prevalência de hipertensão (25,46%). Nas simulações utilizando o Vigitel cadastro duplo, com inclusão da amostra de adultos residentes em domicílios com somente celular, o vício das estimativas foi reduzido em cinco de oito indicadores analisados, com maiores efeitos nas regiões com menores taxas de cobertura de telefonia fixa. Na comparação entre as regiões, observa-se correlação negativa (ρ = -0,91) entre o percentual de indicadores com presença de vício e o percentual de cobertura de domicílios com somente celular. CONCLUSÕES Os resultados do presente estudo indicam os benefícios da inclusão de uma subamostra de 200 adultos com somente celular na amostra do Vigitel, especialmente nas capitais das regiões Norte e Nordeste.

Protótipo de aplicativo para terapia vocal: análise por pares / Prototype app for voice therapy: a peer review

RESUMO Objetivo A terapia fonoaudiológica vocal promove mudanças de hábitos relacionados à voz do paciente, assim como sua reabilitação. O fonoaudiólogo pode utilizar desde materiais como figuras até recursos eletrônicos e de informática como instrumentos facilitadores durante esse processo. A tecnologia móvel é atrativa, interativa e presente em tempo quase integral na rotina de parte da população e apresenta-se crescente na área da saúde. Desenvolver um protótipo de aplicativo para terapia vocal, submetê-lo à análise por pares e aprimorar o protótipo inicial a partir das apreciações. Método foi desenvolvido um protótipo do aplicativo Q-Voz com base nas Diretrizes de Interface Humana da Apple. O protótipo foi analisado por sete fonoaudiólogos que atuam na área de voz e, a partir das apreciações, foram realizadas melhorias no produto. Resultados todos os recursos do aplicativo foram considerados muito satisfatórios pela maioria dos avaliadores. Todos os avaliadores consideraram o aplicativo muito útil; referiram acreditar que os pacientes terão mais facilidade em realizar mudanças no comportamento vocal com o aplicativo que sem ele; que usariam esse aplicativo com seus pacientes disfônicos em reabilitação; e consideraram que o aplicativo apresenta ferramentas úteis para o autogerenciamento vocal. A partir das sugestões, foram realizadas seis melhorias no protótipo. Conclusão o protótipo do Aplicativo Q-Voz desenvolvido foi avaliado por sete fonoaudiólogos e aprimorado. Todos os avaliadores afirmaram que usariam o aplicativo com seus pacientes em reabilitação, o que indica que o Aplicativo Q-Voz para dispositivos móveis pode ser considerado uma ferramenta auxiliar para a terapia fonoaudiológica vocal.

ABSTRACT Purpose Voice speech therapy promotes changes in patients’ voice-related habits and rehabilitation. Speech-language therapists use a host of materials ranging from pictures to electronic resources and computer tools as aids in this process. Mobile technology is attractive, interactive and a nearly constant feature in the daily routine of a large part of the population and has a growing application in healthcare. To develop a prototype application for voice therapy, submit it to peer assessment, and to improve the initial prototype based on these assessments. Methods a prototype of the Q-Voz application was developed based on Apple's Human Interface Guidelines. The prototype was analyzed by seven speech therapists who work in the voice area. Improvements to the product were made based on these assessments. Results all features of the application were considered satisfactory by most evaluators. All evaluators found the application very useful; evaluators reported that patients would find it easier to make changes in voice behavior with the application than without it; the evaluators stated they would use this application with their patients with dysphonia and in the process of rehabilitation and that the application offers useful tools for voice self-management. Based on the suggestions provided, six improvements were made to the prototype. Conclusion the prototype Q-Voz Application was developed and evaluated by seven judges and subsequently improved. All evaluators stated they would use the application with their patients undergoing rehabilitation, indicating that the Q-Voz Application for mobile devices can be considered an auxiliary tool for voice speech therapy.

Effects of gestational exposure to mobile phone radiation on parietal cortical astrocytes in rat offspring / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effects of gestational exposure to mobile phone radiation on astrocytes in parietal cortex of rat offspring.Methods Nine male Sprague Dawley rats were mated with nine female rats at the age of 12 weeks.Pregnant rats were randomly divided into three groups including control group,short-term gestational exposure group (STE group) and long-term gestational exposure group (LTE group) with three in each group.From day 2 to day 18 of pregnancy,rats in STE and LTE groups were exposed to a mobile phone in talking mode for 6 h and 24 h per day,respectively.Meanwhile,the mobile phone used in control group was kept in standby mode.Morphology and ultrastructure of cells in parietal cortex of 1 month-old offspring rat were studied by Nissle staining and electron microscope,respectively.Cells positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and expression of GFAP in parietal cortex were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western bloting.One-way ANOVA,followed by SNK post hoc tests,were used for statistical analysis.Results (1) No significant difference in the morphology of cells in parietal cortex of rat offspring was observed among the three groups by Nissle staining.These cells were regularly arranged with intact cell membrane,clear nuclear membrane,evenly distributed chromatin and distinct nucleoli.(2) Neurons with normal morphology and intact synapse were observed in rat offspring in both control and STE groups.But condensation and migration of nuclear chromatin in neurons and blurred and widened synaptic clefts were observed in LTE group.(3) In offspring of control and STE groups,there were few GFAP-positive cells with small cell body and short processes in parietal cortex.But in LTE group,more GFAP-positive cells with large body and long processes were found.Moreover,long-term exposure to mobile phone during pregnancy resulted in enhanced GFAP expression in parietal cortex (0.79±0.04) as compared with control group (0.37±0.03) and STE group (0.41 ±0.04) (F=147.059,P＜0.001).Conclusions Long-term gestational exposure to mobile phone radiation might lead to activation of astrocytes,increased expression of GFAP and changes in the ultrastructure of neurons in parietal cortex of rat offspring.

Effects of radiofrequency exposure emitted from a GSM mobile phone on proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of neural stem cells / 대한해부학회지

Due to the importance of neural stem cells (NSCs) in plasticity of the nervous system and treating neurodegenerative diseases, the main goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of radiofrequency radiation emitted from a GSM 900-MHz mobile phone with different exposure duration on proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of adult murine NSCs in vitro. We used neurosphere assay to evaluate NSCs proliferation, and immunofluorescence assay of neural cell markers to examine NSCs differentiation. We also employed alamarBlue and caspase 3 apoptosis assays to assess harmful effects of mobile phone on NSCs. Our results showed that the number and size of resulting neurospheres and also the percentage of cells differentiated into neurons decreased significantly with increasing exposure duration to GSM 900-MHz radiofrequency (RF)-electromagnetic field (EMF). In contrast, exposure to GSM 900-MHz RF-EMF at different durations did not influence cell viability and apoptosis of NSCs and also their astrocytic differentiation. It is concluded that accumulating dose of GSM 900-MHz RF-EMF might have devastating effects on NSCs proliferation and neurogenesis requiring more causations in terms of using mobile devices.

Aspectos importantes a incorporar en una aplicación móvil para la adherencia al tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en Costa Rica según pacientes y profesionales de salud / Considerations for a Mobile Application to Support Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Care in Costa Rica According to Patients and Healthcare Professionals

Resumen Antecedentes: la diabetes mellitus (DM) afecta al 12,8 % de los costarricenses. Recientemente, se ha presentado en Costa Rica un auge en el uso de tecnología móvil que permite innovar en el campo de aplicaciones móviles para la diabétes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Objetivo: explorar las perspectivas de pacientes y profesionales de la salud sobre los aspectos que podría contener una aplicación móvil para apoyar la adherencia del tratamiento en pacientes con DM2 en Costa Rica. Materiales y métodos: se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo para explorar la perspectiva de los participantes respecto al diseño de una aplicación móvil para DM2. Se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales a 16 pacientes con DM2; y entrevistas semiestructuradas a 12 profesionales en salud (nutricionistas, enfermeras y médicos endocrinólogos). Resultados: solo dos pacientes habían utilizado una aplicación móvil para la DM2, y dos profesionales han recomendado su uso. Ambos grupos tienen intención de utilizar esta herramienta. La función de común interés es el registro de glucemia, aunque también se mencionaron otras. Los profesionales recomiendan supervisión continua en el uso de estas aplicaciones móviles. Conclusiones: los posibles usuarios brindan información valiosa con respecto a sus necesidades y expectativas de una aplicación móvil para DM2 para Costa Rica. La sencillez y el hecho de ser una aplicación móvil adaptada a Costa Rica son las características deseables más mencionadas.

Abstract Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects 12.8% of the population in Costa Rica. Mobile technology use has increased in Costa Rica, potentially allowing for innovations in T2DM care. Objective: This study aimed to explore participants' perspectives related to the design of a mobile application to support T2DM care in Costa Rica. Materials and Methods: A qualitative design was used to explore participants' perspectives. Focus groups and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 T2DM patients, and semi-structured interviews were held with 12 healthcare professionals (nutritionists, nurses and medical doctors). Results: Only two patients had ever used an app for T2DM care, and only two professionals had previously recommended the use of these mobile applications. Both groups were willing to use these mobile applications. The most common function for which both groups showed interest was the record of blood glucose, but other functions were also mentioned. Healthcare professionals recommended continuous professional supervision in the use of these mobile applications. Conclusions: Potential mobile application users provide valuable insight regarding their needs and expectations for a T2DM care mobile application. Simplicity and being culturally adapted to Costa Rica are the most desirable mobile application features mentioned by the sample.

Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación como herramienta educativa en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en una IPS de la ciudad de Manizales / Information and communication technologies as an educational tool in patients with non communicable chronic diseases in an outpatient health institution of Manizales

Introducción: las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles causan gran morbilidad y mortalidad a nivel mundial por lo que se requiere de estrategias innovadoras que impacten en el autocuidado, adopción de estilos de vida saludables y manejo de ellas. En la actualidad, las Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación constituyen un recurso para mejorar la efectividad y la eficacia de programas dirigidos a pacientes con enfermedades crónicas, superar las limitaciones estructurales y la disponibilidad de recursos humanos existentes en los sistemas de salud. Objetivo: evaluar el impacto de las Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación como herramienta educativa para promover estilos de vida saludables y adherencia a la medicación, conocer la percepción de los usuarios frente a la intervención y observar el efecto sobre variables clínicas. Materiales y Métodos: estudio longitudinal, donde se incluyeron 90 pacientes de la consulta externa de una institución prestadora de salud de Manizales para recibir mensajes de texto. Fueron seleccionados hombres y mujeres mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial o diabetes mellitus con teléfono celular propio o de un cuidador cercano que aceptaran recibir los mensajes de texto en su teléfono móvil. Los mensajes contenían información sobre estilos de vida saludable y fueron enviados entre agosto y diciembre de 2014 durante 29 semanas. 68 sujetos completaron el seguimiento. Al final de la intervención, se evaluó la aceptación, utilidad y efectos sobre parámetros de laboratorio y clínicos. Resultados: el 100% de los pacientes que confirmaron la recepción de los mensajes percibieron una mejoría en su autocuidado; evidenciándose cambios en la dieta (95,16%) y mejoría en la adherencia a la medicación (59%), además de calificarse la utilidad del servicio como excelente por el 61,5% de los sujetos. Sin embargo no se encontraron cambios estadísticamente significativos en variables clínicas y de laboratorio. Conclusiones: la percepción de los pacientes frente al uso de las Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación es positiva y genera cambios en aspectos como la alimentación y la adherencia a la medicación, por lo que constituye una herramienta en la promoción de estilos de vida saludables y manejo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Se requiere de estudios controlados estandarizados mediante un seguimiento a largo plazo para determinar el impacto real sobre variables clínicas y su costo-beneficio. Además se deberá individualizar el tipo de población que obtendría mayor beneficio. MÉD. UIS. 2016;29(2):59-70.

Introduction: chronic noncommunicable diseases cause high morbidity and mortality worldwide so it requires innovative strategies that impact on self-care, adoption of healthy lifestyles and the diseases treatment. Nowadays, the information and communication technologies compose a resource in order to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the patient's programs with chronic diseases, overcome structural limitations and the availability of human resources in the health system. Objective: to evaluate the impact of the information and communication technologies to promote healthy lifestyles and adherence to medication, to know the perception of users about the usefulness of the intervention and also their effect on clinical variables. Methods: longitudinal study, in which 90 patients outpatient health institution in Manizales were included to receive text messages, was made. There were chosen over-age-18 men and women, with arterial hypertension diagnosis or diabetes mellitus who owned a cell phone or were with a near carer assistant who would accept receiving text massages in its own mobile. The massages were about their healthy lifestyle, and these were sent between august and december during 29 weeks. 68 subject completed the follow up. At the end of the intervention, acceptance, usefulness and effects on laboratory and clinical parameters were evaluated. Results: it was found that 100% of the patients who confirmed receiving the messages perceived an improvement in self care; showing changes in diet (95.16%) and the amelioration of medication adherence (59%). Besides, the service utility was qualified as excellent. Conclusions: the patient's perceptions about the use of the information and communication technologies was positive and it could generates changes in areas such as alimentary habits and medication adherence, in promoting healthy lifestyles and management of chronic noncommunicable diseases. However, it requires controlled studies using a standardized long-term monitoring to determine the actual impact on clinical variables and cost-effective. In addition, it should identify the type of population would get greater benefit. MÉD.UIS. 2016;29(2):59-70.